Treatment of injuries of the dorsal interossei of the hand

Hand injuries can significantly disrupt daily life, especially when they involve the dorsal interossei muscles. These small but important muscles, located between the metacarpal bones, are essential for hand movement and dexterity. Understanding the available treatment options is key to a fast and effective recovery from a dorsal interossei injury.

Explore effective treatment methods for dorsal interossei hand injuries, from rest and ice to physical therapy and more. Learn how to relieve pain and restore hand function.

What Are the Dorsal Interossei Muscles?

The dorsal interossei are a group of four muscles located on the back of your hand. They are responsible for:

• Abduction: Spreading your fingers away from the middle finger.
• Assisting with finger flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (the large knuckles).
• Assisting with finger extension at the interphalangeal (IP) joints (the smaller finger joints).

Due to their location and function, these muscles are vulnerable to injury from overuse, trauma, or certain medical conditions.

Common Causes of Dorsal Interossei Injuries

1. Trauma: A direct blow or impact to the hand, often from sports or accidents.
2. Repetitive Strain: Overuse from activities requiring repeated hand movements, such as typing or playing a musical instrument.
3. Medical Conditions: Diseases like rheumatoid arthritis can weaken these muscles, making them more prone to injury.

Symptoms of a Dorsal Interossei Injury

• Pain: Discomfort or pain on the back of the hand, especially between the metacarpal bones.
• Swelling: Visible swelling on the hand.
• Weakness: Difficulty spreading your fingers or performing fine motor tasks.
• Tenderness: Pain when pressing on the affected area.
• Limited Mobility: Reduced ability to move your fingers, particularly when spreading them apart.

Diagnosis

A proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Your healthcare provider will typically:

1. Take a medical history: Discuss your symptoms and any recent activities that may have caused the injury.
2. Perform a physical exam: Examine your hand for signs of swelling, tenderness, and weakness.
3. Order imaging tests: In some cases, X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be needed to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Dorsal Interossei Hand Injuries

Treatment aims to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent further injury. Common approaches include:

Conservative Treatments

1. Rest: Give your hand a break and avoid activities that worsen the pain.
2. Ice: Apply ice packs to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain. Use for 15–20 minutes every few hours during the first 48 hours.
3. Compression: Use a compression bandage to help minimize swelling.
4. Elevation: Keep your hand raised above heart level to reduce swelling.
5. Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation.
6. Splinting: Wearing a splint can immobilize the hand, allowing the muscles to heal.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is vital for restoring strength and mobility. A therapist will guide you through exercises designed to:

• Improve flexibility and range of motion in the hand and wrist.
• Strengthen the hand muscles.
• Gradually return to normal activities.

You can warm up your hand before exercise by soaking it in warm water for a few minutes or using a warm pack. These exercises can help increase finger range of motion and flexibility after a dorsal interossei injury:

• Finger Stretch: Place your hand palm-down on a flat surface. Slowly straighten your fingers as far as possible without straining your joints. Hold for one minute, then release. Repeat five times for each hand.
• Finger Lifts: Place your hand palm-down on a flat surface with fingers straight. Slowly lift and lower each finger individually. You can also lift and lower all fingers together. Repeat ten times for each hand.

Invasive Treatments

In severe cases where conservative treatments are not effective, your doctor may consider:

1. Corticosteroid Injections: To reduce severe inflammation and pain.
2. Surgery: In rare instances, surgery may be needed to repair significant muscle damage or address underlying problems. This can include tendon or muscle transfer to restore hand function.

Prevention Tips

Preventing dorsal interossei injuries involves:

• Ergonomic Adjustments: Ensure your workspace and tools are set up to reduce strain on your hands.
• Warm-Up Exercises: Perform hand and finger stretches before engaging in repetitive activities.
• Regular Breaks: Take frequent breaks during activities that require repeated hand movements.
• Strengthening Exercises: Regularly perform hand strengthening exercises to maintain muscle health.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience severe pain, persistent swelling, or difficulty moving your fingers, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and ensure a faster recovery.

With proper care, most people achieve a full recovery from a dorsal interossei hand injury. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options empowers you to take an active role in your recovery and maintain healthy hand function. Always consult your healthcare provider for a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

For more information and personalized advice, speak with your doctor or a physical therapist who specializes in hand injuries.

References and Further Reading

1. PhysioPedia – Dorsal Interossei of the Hand
2. Valenzuela M, Bordoni B. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Dorsal Interossei Muscle of the Hand. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.-. Available from: Published
3. REHABMyPatient – Dorsal Interossei of the Hand