Injection into the biceps tendon

Introduction

A steroid injection into the biceps tendon is used to treat chronic tendinitis of the long head of the biceps tendon.

Required Equipment

The equipment needed for a biceps tendon injection:

  • Syringe: 1 ml
  • Needle: Blue, 23 Gauge, 1–1.25 inches (25–30 mm)
  • Kenalog 40: 10 mg
  • Lidocaine: 0.75 ml, 2%
  • Total volume: 1 ml

Related Anatomy

The long head of the biceps lies within a sheath in the bicipital groove, located between the greater and lesser tubercles. It can be palpated by having the patient tense the muscle while the examiner’s finger is placed in the groove.

Biceps Tendon Injection Technique

  • The patient sits with the elbow supported at a right angle
  • Identify the tender area of the tendon
  • Insert the needle at the point of maximum tenderness perpendicular to the skin, then angle it downward parallel to the tendon
  • Inject the solution as a bolus between the tendon and the tendon sheath

Post-Treatment Care

Recommend relative rest for about one week, then address the underlying causes of the lesion and focus on strengthening the rotator cuff.

Key Point

Little to no resistance should be felt when injecting the fluid. This condition is commonly diagnosed but, in our experience, is actually quite rare. Palpation of a normally sensitive area can lead to a misdiagnosis of this tendinitis, as the pain may actually originate from the cervical spine, the shoulder joint, or a rotator cuff lesion. If sudden pain occurs during flexion, a noticeable bulge in the middle arm muscle may form, indicating a rupture of the long head of the biceps. Once the pain subsides, the patient is usually functional again, as the short head of the biceps is sufficient to handle flexion activities.

Possible complications include:

  1. Pain
  2. Infection
  3. Bleeding
  4. Damage to surrounding structures
  5. Allergic reaction and non-therapeutic results
  6. Specific complications from steroid use include septic arthritis, post-injection flare, local tissue atrophy, skin discoloration, tendon rupture, cartilage damage, avascular necrosis, hot flashes, and elevated blood sugar levels

References

  1. Schwantes J, Byerly DW. Biceps Tendon Sheath Injection. [Updated May 4, 2022]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554412/

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